|
Juan Fernández Pacheco y Téllez Girón (Belmonte, 1419 – Trujillo, 1 October 1474), was a Castilian noble of Portuguese descent 〔The fact of Portuguese descent evidently explains why Pacheco's surnames do not follow the Spanish order of surnames, i.e. father's surname(s) first and mother's surname(s) second.〕who rose to power in the last years of the reign of Juan II of Castile and came to dominate the government of Castile during the reign of his son and successor Henry IV of Castile. His titles included, among others, Marquess of Villena, Duke of Escalona and Master of the Order of Santiago. ==Biography== Juan Pacheco was the son of Alfonso Téllez Girón y Vázquez de Acuña, and María Pacheco (the daughter of Juan Fernández Pacheco, first lord of Belmonte, and Agnes Téllez de Meneses). The family, of Portuguese nobility, had been exiled to Castile after the battle of Aljubarrota (1385), and counted, among its main possessions in Belmonte, the Alcázar, built by Prince Don Juan Manuel, and later the castle of Belmonte, built by Pacheco in 1456 after becoming Marquess of Villena. The close relationship of the Pacheco family and the Castilian crown is evidenced, for example, in the fact that Pacheco's childhood playmate was Henry IV of Castile. In his youth, he served as a page to Àlvaro de Luna, who later brought him to court to serve Prince Henry. Pacheco became the prince's confidant, and this friendship would continue when his master became king Henry IV of Castile. Pacheco intervened in major political decisions. In January 1442, aged 22, he had reached the office of chamberlain of the prince, the highest position in the house of the heir after the steward, a dignity still in the hands of the constable Álvaro de Luna. That same year he joined the lordship of Moguer via his marriage to María Portocarrero, who had an important legacy, which was later lost. Pacheco later strove to recover it. Pacheco was appointed Marquess of Villena, the first title of marquess conferred by a Castilian monarch, in 1445 after the first Battle of Olmedo. He negotiated the title of Master of the Order of Calatrava for his brother, Pedro Girón. In the conflict that arose soon after between King John II of Castile and Prince Henry, Pacheco mediated on behalf of the prince, taking Álvaro de Luna as a mediator for the king. The agreement would benefit both mediators. Other titles earned by Pacheco would include Adelantado of Castile from 1451-56, and of Merino Mayor of Asturias from 1461-62. He was also made Master of the Order of Santiago in 1467 by Prince Alfonso,〔 who had been proclaimed king by some Castilian nobles in the Farce of Ávila. In 1463, in Bayonne, Pacheco offered his services to France. With this alliance, France encircled its enemy, the kingdom of Aragón. In gratitude, Louis XI promised the hand of his daughter, Joanna, to the youngest son of Pacheco, Pedro de Portocarrero. The Aragonese king's reaction was to win the friendship of Castile and void the Castilian-French alliance, promising his son Fernando to Pacheco's daughter, Beatriz. In 1466, Pacheco's nephew, Rodrigo Téllez Girón, was elected Master of the Order of Calatrava. Being a minor, Pacheco would be his tutor, giving him the post of coadjutor of the order in 1469. As such, he would have the same powers as the masters had, except in spiritual matters, which should be delegated to persons belonging to the order. Writers of the period claimed he was Master of Calatrava, in addition to Master of Santiago.〔Ciudad Ruiz, Manuel. ("El maestrazgo de Don Rodrigo Téllez Girón" ) (2000), in ''La España Medieval'' (23); ISSN 0214-3038, pp. 321–365, see page 328〕 In 1469, Princess Isabella, half-sister of Henry IV, married Ferdinand of Aragón, against the will of the king and overriding prior diplomatic agreements, starting thus the War of the Castilian Succession, in which Pacheco supported Princess Juana, Henry IV's daughter. Pacheco died on 1 October 1474, in Santa Cruz, near Trujillo, shortly before the death of King Henry IV. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juan Pacheco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|